Category: Uncategorized

A book review by Christopher Ram – May 12, 2024

Introduction

Chapter 17 is titled Campaign and Elections and reports on the immediate action required to hold the elections following the ruling by the Caribbean Court of Justice that the no confidence motion (NCM) in December 2018 was properly passed, the Government had fallen, and elections had to be held. The book does not detail the delay tactics by the APNU + AFC Government to stay in office in a clear violation of the constitutional requirement for elections within 90 days of the NCM, or the validity of legislation purportedly passed by the Government thereafter, matters which as a lawyer could not be alien to Mr. Nagamootoo. Yet, he writes about the triumph of Parliamentary democracy.

The tone of the chapter suggests that things were not too right for him. From his own accounting, while he was sidelined, other Ministers became emboldened following the vote. He tells the story that while acting as president, he was summoned to a meeting in the office of Cathy Hughes Vice Chair of the AFC where the Jamaican advisor and architect of the Cummingsburg Accord – with whom he never seemed to have had a cordial relationship – that the Coalition needed “a brand-new slate”.

Popularity and betrayal

Unabashedly, Nagamootoo writes that given his popularity both on the coast and in the hinterland communities, going into the elections without him as the symbolic head of the AFC was a “huge mistake.” He lamented that except for a 20-minute speech at Anna Regina, he was assigned no role in the elections campaign or manifesto preparation, and criticises the Coalition for its failure to reach out sufficiently to Indo-Guyanese communities and for being carried away by a “misplaced display of overconfidence and triumphalism”.

Writing about the betrayal by an AFC MP that led to the fall of the Coalition Government, Nagamootoo expresses surprise at the lack of outrage at the betrayal by an AFC member of Parliament that caused the collapse of the government, even as he claims that he instructed Mr. Khemraj Ramjattan, the AFC leader and Minister of Public Security to put arrangements in place for the security of Persaud as he (Persaud) was leaving the country. Nagamootoo writes in praise of the absence of violence following the confidence vote, drawing a parallel with the violence that erupted following the “installation” of Janet Jagan after the 1997 elections.

He writes of his confidence of a Coalition victory against the PPP which was going into the elections with its presidential candidate Irfaan Ali  who was facing several allegations of sleaze  while he held office as a minister and claims about the genuineness of his academic qualifications. According to Nagamootoo, Ali had barely survived a bruising internal party campaign against his popular contenders, among whom were Dr. Frank Anthony, Anil Nandlall and Dr. Vindya Persaud. The book notes however, the emphasis of the PPP/C on the number 50,000 – in new jobs, new house lots, new homes, new scholarships, stipend for trainee teachers, and for cash grants for every school child.

Foreign interference and the order to vacate office

He writes too that expert foreign hands experts were directing the PPP campaign – naming Mercury and Cambridge Analytica – and engaging in PR stunts like the preparation of props and footage for propaganda spins. He accused the PPP/C, with more than a hint of irony , or prescience, of spreading the news that the Coalition would rig the elections.

About the elections themselves, he writes about the rigging to facilitate the PPP‘s return to office as being well planned and executed. He mentions specifically the “interference by Mercury, and by high-ranking US officials,” the bloated electors list, and the nasty threats of sanctions from US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo – a “fatal form of American bullying and interference.” He does, however, acknowledge that while it was a Guyana tragedy for democracy, part of the blame for failure had to be placed at the feet of the Coalition, including some levels of distrust among key partners.

That theme continues in chapter 18 with Nagamootoo claiming that Pompeo “ordered us to vacate office, and threatened consequences”. That is the clearest account yet of the purpose of Pompeo’s role and visit to Guyana around the 2020 elections. The book suggests that Pompeo totally ignored the Recount processes and legal challenges before the courts.

Continuing, Nagamootoo writes that the process was railroaded and that it did not take long for the carpetbaggers to cash in on their promissory notes, including the AFC defector Charrandass Persaud being rewarded with a diplomatic posting and his “godfather” Peter Ramsaroop being named Director of Go-Invest. The chapter also addresses a bombshell announcement the Taiwan had opened a trade office in Guyana “a pre-planned move” that was applauded by U.S. ambassador Sarah Ann Lynch. The decision was reversed following a call by President Xi of China to the Guyana President and a statement that the announcement was a “result of a miscommunication of the agreement signed,” and that the agreement had since been terminated.

Back to the beginning

Chapter 19 is titled Back to the Beginning, in which Moses writes about drawing inspiration from Christian idealism of serving the poor and joining the PPP and its youth movement in October 1964. He reports that he became a voracious reader of Marxist texts and anti-communist literature from Christian movements and engaged in endless discussion on ideology. He writes of a love-hate relationship with Janet Jagan, a founder member of the PPP and the editor of the Mirror newspaper, accusing her of the “hidden hand that manipulated [his] life” and using one of her “hatchet-men” Clement Rohee, against him.

As he claims, on two occasions, Cheddi Jagan tried to dissuade him from pursuing further studies, succeeding on the first occasion (UG) but not the second (Law School). Referring to some of the rightwing/ left wing contradictions within the PPP, he recalls Dr. Fenton Ramsahoye as consoling the right wing Balramsingh Rai by observing that “the party works in devious ways, comrade.”

Writing about the 1998 Party elections in which he came second to Janet Jagan, he describes how ballots were managed and how his request to observe the count was quickly rejected. His narration of his experiences in the post-1964 PPP – including medical examinations at a Black Sea sanitorium in the USSR – makes fascinating reading, 

To be continued

A book review by Christopher Ram – May 5, 2024

Introduction

This third part of Dear Land of Guyana, anautobiographical account by Moses V. Nagamootoo,  Prime Minister of Guyana from 2015-2020, covers chapters 7 to 16. Chapter 7 begins with the tabling of a motion of a no confidence motion against the minority PPP government, moved by the AFC which had seven seats in the National Assembly. Nagamootoo does not claim a joint action, but only that the AFC counted on the support of the APNU’s 26 seats. According to him, the action was taken when corruption became pervasive in Guyana. Instead of facing the charges in the National Assembly, President Ramotar’s response was the prorogation of parliament, after his approach to opposition leader David Granger to back off from the no confidence motion was rebuffed.

Chapter 8 relates the country’s history of searching for a Pro-democracy Alliance beginning in the mid-1970s and developing steam when the opposition parties came together in the preparation for the 1992 elections. The writer also gives a background to engagements between the PPP and the WPA which had earlier entered the anti-dictatorship struggle. According to the book, a sticking point in that effort was the WPA’s refusal to back an Indian candidate, especially Cheddi Jagan. The search for a consensus candidate continued with other names like Dr. Roger Luncheon, Ashton Chase and Bishop Randolph George.

The Cummingsburg Accord

An account is given of the events leading up to the PPP adding a civic component to its name, even while private talks with the PNC continued. The author claims that even after the assassination of WPA leader Walter Rodney in 1980, he favored continuing those talks while Dr. Jagan was opposed. The rest of the chapter addresses the debates and discussions within the AFC on an alliance with the APNU and overcoming the fears that such an alliance would render the AFC “dead meat.”  Nagamootoo placed himself among the AFC fighters countering the PPP’s “propaganda” that any pro-democratic alliance would be bad for Guyana. After protracted inter-party talks not only on a national programme, but mundane matters like which party would secure the position of presidential candidate, and equal sharing of cabinet positions, the AFC and the APNU on a4 February 2015 signed the Cummingsburg Accord, an exercise spearheaded by a Jamaican consultant.

The broad plans for the Coalition included constitutional reforms that could accommodate the broadest possible unity of competing and otherwise antagonistic political entities, zero tolerance for corruption, transparency, accountability, and probity at all levels. The response by the PPP/C was “nasty and brutal” propaganda: the AFC was selling out to the Africans; finding derogatory names for perceived sympathisers like Yesu Persaud, Robert Badal, Anand Goolsarran and Christopher Ram.

Nagamootoo himself does not hesitate to trade his own barbs, identifying Peter Ramsaroop, Kit Nascimento (former UF propaganda czar), Mansoor Nadir, Nanda Gopaul (Jagan’s effigy burner) and Dr. Leslie Ramsammy who had vowed to run “the communist Jagan” out. Also mentioned for their association with the PPP/C in quite unflattering terms were Khemraj Lall, Sonny Ramdeo, Fip Motilall and specialty hospital promoter Surendra.

Instant sell

Chapter 10 describes the reception leading up to the elections on 11 May 2015, the instant sell of the Granger/Nagamootoo combination and his first meeting with Granger when they were both in short pants. Describing Granger’s Speech at the launching of the Alliance as “nothing short of visionary,” Nagamootoo wrote that the reception at the Launch convinced him that the Coalition’s victory on May 11th “was assured”. In what was seen as an alignment of the stars, Dr. Joey Jagan and Ms. Ulele Burnham also appeared on the Coalition platform. The chapter also reproduced a letter from Joey Jagan on the day before the elections setting out his reasons for supporting the Coalition. The book also talks about incidents like the killing of Courtney Crum-Ewing and another Fazal Azeez, both in a narrative that suggested political involvement.

Three days after the vote on 11 May 2015, the Alliance was declared the winners with 50.30% of the votes and gaining a one seat majority while the PPP/C obtained thirty-two seats and challenged the results.

Chapter 12 recounted the events from the swearing in on 16 May 2015, for the first time at the Parliament Buildings. The Government was made up of sixteen Cabinet ministers and nine junior ministers, huge for a country with a population of less than three-quarter million. Those numbers of course were partly driven by the Cumminsburg Accord. Signaling his first discomfort with Granger, Nagamootoo described an early speech by Granger in which he referred to the murders in the sixties. According to him, Granger’s better self was telling him to let go, but “he didn’t, he couldn’t.” The writer also uses the chapter to explain the delegation to him of the chairmanship of Cabinet’s Business Session, the powerful Cabinet Business Sub-committee and of the Parliamentary Agenda Sub-committee.

Chapters 13 and 14 begin with the statement that the Coalition served a full five years in government during 2015 to 2020. That was only because of a spurious protracted challenge to the No Confidence Motion brought by the PPP/C and supported by an AFC MP. Nagamootoo deals with the huge increase which Cabinet voted itself on the one hand and the achievements it made on the other. They also described the activities and challenges of Government confronted by an opposition whose leader when in Government had raised concerns in a statement that “his regime was prepared inexplicably to cede a channel for Venezuela’s access to the Atlantic, and through the pathway of our enormous oil deposits.”

The book narrates the challenges of power supply and the crisis in the sugar industry, described at some length in chapter 15. The Government’s response was the closure of several sugar estates with the intention of privatising parts of the industry. This was hugely controversial, especially with sugar unions. Over 5,000 sugar workers were laid off without timely severance payments. The handling of the sugar industry matter probably accounted for the Coalition’s loss of power in less than a full term. This was a gift to the PPP/C, which had run the industry like an extension of the Party, but which gained immensely from the botched manner in which the Coalition tried to fix the problem.

In Chapter 16, Nagamootoo recounts the fall on the Coalition, which he saw as a “tit for tat response to his no confidence motion in 2015 and a bitter vendetta for his resignation from the PPP”. Readers will also recall that in Part 1 of this review, I had referred to a conspiracy theory that the plan may have been connected with a meeting in India!

In closing chapter 16, Nagamootoo states that despite mistakes on all sides, disagreements and quarrels, the Coalition made credible achievements that could ensure their return to the office for a second term. However, new factors contributed to their defeat and ouster at the elections, including campaign failures, which he claims were self-inflicted, and foreign intervention which was by invitation.

Dear Editor,

Vice President Bharrat Jagdeo has made a searing attack on a ruling by a High Court judge in the Teachers’ strike case in which the underlying issue is free collective bargaining. Despite not having read the judgment, Mr. Jagdeo yet felt comfortable using words like appalling and presumptuous. However couched, this has to be seen as an attack not only on the judge but the judiciary as a whole. There are three branches of government – the legislative, the executive and the judiciary, each with its own functions and powers, giving rise to the concept of separation of powers. Not that the separation is clean or discrete as we see with the intermingling of the executive and the legislative. But the branch which does not allow for such intermingling is the judiciary, which has a special role in any democratic society.

Since the PPP/C’s return to power in August 2020, the guardrails of democracy are being inexorably dismantled, emphasising why the independence of the judiciary needs to be protected and defended. It is therefore dangerous when the country’s First Vice President, apparently after a conversation with the Attorney General, should use language that can undermine the authority, independence and integrity of the judiciary. As everyone appreciates, the judiciary with its layers of appeal procedures has a mechanism for its wrong decisions to be reversed. That is healthy and good for society and citizens, as well as the development of the law.

It is accepted that a decision given by any court should be open to robust but respectful criticisms, never in a way to bring the court into disrepute. Mr. Jagdeo might say that he never intended to attack the judge but only the judgment. That unfortunately is not how his statement came across, particularly since he admitted that he had not read the judgment. Jagdeo has a reputation for bullying and intimidation which creates an atmosphere of fear and what is sometimes referred to as a chilling effect. Perhaps in his statement, he was sending a message beyond the single judge and to the entire judiciary that “this can be your fate as well.”

It is not without some significance that there has been silence since Jagdeo made his ill-advised statement. But no response is not only cowardice but gives a pass to this kind of behavior. It is true that such attacks are not unique to Guyana. Examples abound from the USA where Chief Justice John Roberts came out to defend the judges of the Supreme Court from attacks by Donald Trump, from Australia, Canada, India, Poland, the Philippines, Türkiye, Uganda and Zimbabwe. What is true as well is that in those jurisdictions, those attacks have not gone unanswered by the heads of the judiciaries.

The head of our Courts in Guyana is the Chancellor (ag.) while we have as our apex court the CCJ headed by a President. The current and the past President of the CCJ have politely criticised Guyana for its inordinately lengthy delays in confirming top judicial officers. They cannot just give up and go silent. We have the Guyana Bar Association and the Guyana Association of Women Lawyers whose members are actively involved in the judicial architecture. They are often accused of prolixity and verbosity, not of silence. The Guyana Human Rights Association must show that the attack on its leadership has not silenced it. Our institution of highest learning has a Department of Law and a Law Society. And where are the lawyers in the opposition parties in the country? And where are the Press, the Fourth Estate? That is the work they chose, but now they choose silence.

It is hard to think of any current issue of greater interest and importance than an attack on the country’s judiciary, whether direct or indirect. The silence is bewildering and troubling.

Christopher Ram
Attorney-at-Law

A book review by Christopher Ram – April 28, 2024

Introduction

There are five parts to Nagamootoo’s Dear Land of Guyana but none of these identifies the theme or what the reader can expect of the chapters within those uneven parts. In the Preface the author writes rather casually about the clinching of the first petroleum agreement in 1999 and its “modification” in 2016, showing that he too did not then, or even now, understand the statutory framework governing the petroleum sector – made more regrettable coming from an attorney-at-law with years of practice. He wrote that in 1969, the PPP enlisted as a Marxist-Leninist party and that following the 1968 rigged elections, he supported its preparation “for all forms of resistance, including armed struggles”. He writes that after the death of Cheddi Jagan in 1997, the PPP began to lose its authentic democratic credentials and became tainted with corruption.

The Preface describes the swings of national political fortunes starting in the 2011 elections held shortly after Nagamootoo and his wife Sita exited the PPP/C and joined the Alliance for Change. Those elections saw the parliamentary defeat of the PPP after 20 years of unbroken rule, for which Moses took a good measure of credit. More was to come when four years later, by what he described as a strategic alliance of opposition forces, the PPP/C lost governmental power. That cycle continued in 2020 when according to Moses, the PPP was “installed into office”, although he did not say by whom.

Chapter 1 describes his unceremonious exit from the Prime Ministerial official residence that speaks to an unfortunate political culture that the winner must not only triumph, but the loser must be shamed into defeat. Chapter 2 gave an account of the recount by the CARICOM Team, the process of which was described “as transparent as could be expected though the same could not be said about the credibility of the ballots”, with over 7,000 claims being lodged about irregularities and anomalies.

Lingering doubts and the 2020 elections

Like Donald Trump in the USA, Moses still seems to harbour doubts that the Government – of which he was the Prime Minister – had lost the 2020 elections. Writing more than three years after the vote, stories that Guyanese “traveled from overseas on broomsticks, voted and mysteriously disappeared” seem too far-fetched to be taken seriously. Further theories advanced by the writer in the following chapter was that Washington had concluded that the Granger government had “become expendable” owing to its unwillingness to play along with the Americans as they sought the removal of Venezuelan President in an “October Surprise”. The theory, coming from Guyana’s Prime Minister and First Vice President, however unsupported by any evidence, will no doubt generate some interest in Caracas.

One claim by the writer which appears to have been supported by empirical evidence, was the role of international elections mischief-maker Cambridge Analytica, which like the National Enquirer of the USA, will do anything for money – and in the 2020 elections they appeared to have done just that, having been paid tens of millions of dollars by the PPP/C. It is unclear why the writer did not link this to the absolute disregard for campaign financing rules which had been so stridently advocated by Sheila Holder, a founder member of the Alliance for Change.

In chapter 4 Nagamootoo writes that following the 2011 elections, Grainger and other opposition leaders had met with president-elect Ramotar and proposed the formation of a government of national unity. According to the writer, Ramotar responded that the PPP had not included the formation of such a unity government in its manifesto, although that was probably not the real reason. What the writer fails to tell the reader is why Granger did not make a similar offer when he was in the driver’s seat. One possible reason is that all the cabinet positions had been allocated in the Cummingsburg Accord, the pre-election alliance arrangement.

The chapter also includes general stories about the internal politics within the PPP, such as Janet Jagan’s arbitrary and autocratic leadership style and the takeover of the Party by the Moscow-trained gang headed by Jagdeo following her death. Specifically, the writer sought to address the imbroglio concerning Cheddi Jagan’s reference to Moses as a capable person to succeed him as President, to which Janet Jagan took particular objection. The writer suggests that it was Jagdeo who caused the departure from the PPP of other stalwarts like Ralph Ramkarran and Khemraj Ramjattan and writes boldly of the huge scandal of Pradoville One and Pradoville Two. He describes the conversion of the government “into a sort of real estate agency, hiving off prime lands at basement prices, and building outlandish mansions.” It was quite surprising that he only indirectly identified the lead role played by Jagdeo in this wealth grab enterprise.

He noted that corruption became a way of life, spying and wiretapping being made legal, lies and slander against critics and members of the opposition, and concerns about whether the country “was only formally a democracy or was descending swiftly into an autocratic, authoritarian state.”

The Magnificent 7

Chapter five is more positive, hailing the seven AFC members elected to parliament out of the 2011 elections as the Magnificent 7. Writing with more than a touch of nostalgia, Moses referred to the big behind-the-scenes players like Dr. Asquith Rose, current GuySuCo CEO Sasenarine Singh, Bish and Malcolm Panday and Frank De Abreu and Robert Badal. Also recognised are several of his close friends from his PPP days and the dozens of AFC members, both local and overseas. Moses appears to take special delight in Raphael Trotman’s description of him as “the greatest strategist and nationalist”, and Freddie Kissoon’s naming him as the Guyanese personality for 2011 who had “taken his place in the history books” while featuring him in some most hagiographical terms.

Chapter 5 reported on the role played by the AFC in the post-2011 during which the AFC played a “constructive role” and appealed to the PPP/C minority government to pull back from the precipice of a stalemate caused by the continuing political apartness between the government and opposition. The chapter closed with the recommendations by the AFC for urgent and serious negotiations and for the parliamentary parties to embark on purposeful dialogue to find consensus on critical issues. Among those issues were the composition of all constitutional bodies, including the Integrity Commission and the Public Procurement Commission; confirmation of suitably qualified persons to fill the senior positions in the judiciary, the Police and the Office of the Ombudsman; respect for collective bargaining and across-the-board increases for teachers, nurses etc.; reduction of VAT by 2% and increases in the Old Age Pension.

Chapter 6 also dealt with the AFC’s role in the 10th. Parliament and gave a good account of the circumstances surrounding to the Budget which reached the High Court, financial management and accountability, the threat by the PPP/C to derocognise its trade union arm (GAWU), the Skeldon “white elephant”, and the wider issue of governance.

Clearly, the book was setting the conditions for the 2015 elections.

To be continued

A review by Christopher Ram – April 21, 2024

Introduction

Coming out from seclusion roughly 3 1/2 years after the end of his prime ministerialship of the APNU + AFC Coalition Government 2015 – 2020, long-serving politician and attorney-at-law Moses Nagamootoo has published his autobiographical account of that period. He is the second leading member of the Alliance for Change in that Government to offer Guyanese their account of their respective roles during that period.

The first was by Natural Resources Minister Raphael Trotman whose book From Destiny to Prosperity was serialised in parts 110 – 113 of my oil and gas column in the Stabroek News in October/November last year. My initial intention was to apply a different approach to Nagamootoo’s book offering only a book review rather than a serialisation but having created the precedent with Trotman‘s book, beginning today and continuing over the next couple weeks, I will offer a summary of Moses’ book but leaving it to the reader to fill in the details. The book is available for purchase from Austin‘s Bookstore in Georgetown at the price of $4,000 per copy.

Journalistic and literary pedigree

Unlike Trotman’s book, Dear Land of Guyana is a full-length book of 344 pages of twenty-five chapters and the transcripts of three full-length interviews the writer had given to Mr. Yesu Persaud in a television issue program Eye on The Issue and journalist Gordon Mosley and Dennis Chabrol. Coming from a seasoned writer with literary achievements including two novels – Hendree’s Cure and Fragments from Memory – a collection of poems, Paintings in Poetry, and short stories Like Scattered Seeds, the flow of the writing and the quality of the production is of a high quality. His other literary credentials are not unimpressive, having covered major events in Guyana and the rest of the Caribbean as a former Vice President of the International Organisation of Journalists and founder of the Union of Guyanese Journalists.

He was a popular columnist in the PPP sponsored newspaper the Mirror and also credits himself as speech writer, and researcher for former president Dr Cheddi Jagan, assisting the former PPP leader and President in many of his articles and speeches. The book is well organised, contains quotes from many books and sources, providing specific details of events and personalities which suggest that the writer Nagamootoo had always intended to offer Guyanese an insight into the writer’s experiences as a participant in the government of the country. In doing so however, engaged in a mix of facts, impression, speculation and conclusions some of which may seem extreme and far-fetched.

Speculation and conspiracy

In will mention two examples. Connecting the 2018 No Confidence Motion to prior incidents, the writer referred to an invitation by the BJP including references to the BJP Government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Guyanese parliamentarians of Indian Origin for a one-day conference in India, outside of the normal diplomatic channels. According to him, the PPP sent 17 MPs to the conference, including former president and opposition leader Bharrat Jagdeo, former minister Irfan Ali and former Attorney General Anil Nandlall, while only three Indo-Guyanese from the governing parties were invited, including Charrandass Persaud. Continuing, the book states that “Being far away from Guyana, at the same conference, and at the same place, it must have been too tempting (for Jagdeo and Charrandass Persaud) not to talk.”

While he did not name the other two MPs from their side, Moses linked that occasion with his own prior experience with the Indian Government some ten years earlier during a visit to India to accept an award from an NGO. According to him, he was approached with an offer of support by two seemingly well connected, ultra nationalist elements, one of whom had since ascended to a top government post under the BJP. The condition? That Nagamootoo commit himself to certain Indian geo-political and strategic interests in the Caribbean Indo-populated triad – Guyana, Trinidad and Suriname. According to the writer, they scooted when he offered them a drink of a 15 -year Guyana rum from under his desk.

The second was a US Government connection. The right to reported that on a return from a trip abroad, his head of security informed him that the powerful foreign businessman wanted to meet him urgently. He let that slide but then on 7 February 2020, on a trip to the Rupununi, he met a tall and lean (unnamed) man in blue shirt and khaki pants and the person’s wife who was introduced as the niece of Mike Pompeo. Apparently, the man wanted a large tract of land to use for “skills training programs” and that the project would focus on disaster emergencies for which he would access various types of aircraft, Even promising Black Hawk helicopters.

In developing this episode, or rather speculating further, the writer linked the approach with a Reuters report that the US Department of State had posted a $15 million reward for the arrest or capture of Venezuelan President Maduro. Nagamootoo speculated that “mercenaries” could have contemplated an armed incursion into that neighbouring state, using Guyana as a launching pad.

When Nagamootoo reported his Rupununi encounter to President Granger, he was told not to “touch that man …. The guy wants to meet you about a training project.”

Preliminary response

The book ought to demand some response, denial or corroboration to the several incidents although with the absence of a reading culture in Guyana, there may be few direct responses. A former colleague of Nagamootoo from his PPP days was quite dismissive of the book despite not having read it while at the same time expressing an unwillingness to criticise the book because of the “sterling work which author had rendered to the PPP during the struggle for free and fair elections.”

A more recent colleague, having read Chapter 3 Foreign Interference, again, offered this view of what can be considered the most provocative chapter of the book.

“He’s described a few factual events and framed them in the context of American interests in the region and then connected those events via conjecture to America’s interference in our 2020 elections, leaving readers to make some mental leap to rigging. I sense a blurring of the line between interference and rigging. Also, did the interference occur prior to, or after the elections, or both? The reference to Ambassador Lynch doing what she had to do is meaningless without elaboration.

“I don’t think he makes a strong enough case that there was anything unusually sinister about our 2020 elections other than the attempted rigging by GECOM which was rightfully condemned by many, including the Americans. There’s a lot that can be stripped away such as the earlier Trinidadian experience with Cambridge Analytics and the 2015 Ramoutar campaign. These really have no bearing on anything that may have taken place in 2020.

“The clear attempt by persons in GECOM to rig the 2020 elections remains unaddressed – at least in that chapter.”

The writer can also be very direct. He also accuses former president Donald Ramotar and PPP senior member Harry Nokta, of heckling him at the funeral of Isahack Basir, a PPP/C stalwart , singling out Ramotar for making the damning accusation that “Moses kill Basir”. He also describes Peter Ramsaroop, a Guyanese American who had formed a political party in Guyana in opposition to the PPP/C as a “political hustler” and who was a key figure in the confidence operation to topple the Coalition government.

To be continued